The Common effects of T2DM on ocular functions in Mashonaland province of Zimbabwe

Author

Chagaresango, Tanya

Title

The Common effects of T2DM on ocular functions in Mashonaland province of Zimbabwe

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a growing public health concern globally, with a significant burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Among its numerous complications, ocular disorders are among the most common and debilitating, yet often underdiagnosed in resource-limited settings.
AIM: This study aimed to investigate the common ocular effects of T2DM and assess the knowledge and health-seeking behavior of affected individuals in Mashonaland Central Province, Zimbabwe.
METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from February to June 2025 among 112 participants diagnosed with T2DM, recruited from Bindura Hospital and nearby mining communities. Data collection involved questionnaires, medical records review, and clinical eye examinations. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 21 to assess the prevalence of ocular symptoms and conditions, as well as demographic associations.
RESULTS: The most reported ocular symptoms were blurred vision (36.6%), eye pain (28.6%), and sudden loss of vision (18.8%). Clinically diagnosed ocular complications included diabetic retinopathy (34%), cataracts (21%), and glaucoma (15%). A significant proportion of participants (39.8%) also presented with hypertension as a comorbid condition. Alarmingly, only 46% of respondents reported visiting an eye specialist regularly, indicating a gap in preventive care and awareness.
CONCLUSION: The findings highlight a high prevalence of ocular complications among T2DM patients in Mashonaland Central, with many experiencing visual disturbances that could lead to irreversible vision loss if undetected. These results underscore the need for integrated diabetes management that includes routine eye screening, public health education, and improved access to ophthalmic care. Early intervention strategies are essential to prevent vision impairment and enhance quality of life for diabetic individuals.

Date

June 2025

Publisher

BUSE

Keywords

T2DM

Ocular functions

Effects

Supervisor

Dr Mtuwa