Pfumvudza program and food security in elderly female-headed rural households of Zaka, Zimbabwe.

Author

Chitiga, Takudzwa

Title

Pfumvudza program and food security in elderly female-headed rural households of Zaka, Zimbabwe.

Abstract

This study sought to explore the role of the Pfumvudza program in enhancing food security among elderly female-headed rural households in Zaka District, Zimbabwe. The intentions of the study were to recognize the unique vulnerabilities faced by elderly women in rural settings, to examine their participation in Pfumvudza activities, the challenges they encounter, the adaptive strategies they employ, diverse perspectives on food security and suggested interventions for sustainable support. A qualitative research approach was adopted, utilizing a case study design to gain in-depth insights into lived experiences. Data were collected through purposive and availability sampling from 12 participants using semi-structured in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Findings revealed that elderly female heads actively engage in key Pfumvudza activities such as digging planting basins, applying organic manure, planting, mulching and harvesting, despite age-related limitations. Major challenges identified included limited financial resources, physical labor constraints, inadequate extension support, delayed input distribution and balancing farming with household responsibilities. In response, participants adopted coping strategies such as forming cooperative groups, leveraging family support, using low-labor techniques, saving and rotating inputs, participating in trainings and preserving food. The study also uncovered diverse perspectives on food security shaped by gender roles, household dynamics, cultural beliefs, access to markets and infrastructure, and the influence of government and NGO interventions. Participants proposed intervention strategies to enhance food security, including strengthening agricultural support systems, promoting livelihood diversification, improving health and nutrition services, enhancing access to land and resources and building climate resilience and social protection mechanisms. Participants recommended strengthening agricultural support, promoting diversified livelihoods, improving access to land and resources, enhancing social protection and building climate resilience. The study concludes that while Pfumvudza presents opportunities for improved food security, its sustainability in elderly female-headed households depends on context-sensitive, age-appropriate, and gender-responsive support systems as well as inclusive policies and community-based interventions.

Date

June 2025

Publisher

BUSE

Keywords

Pfumvudza

Food Security

Rural Households

Supervisor

Dr. Nyamaka