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Author
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Rusenza, Edwin T.
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Title
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Investigating the nexus between white-collar crimes and social class. A survey of Chitungwiza from January 2014 to December 2024.
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Abstract
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The study sought to establish the nexus between white-collar crimes and social class in Chitungwiza, Zimbabwe. White collar crime was identified as perpetuating economic inequality, undermining public trust, and exacerbating poverty in an already vulnerable community, a concern acutely felt in local contexts with systemic inequality and limited resources. The research was guided by key objectives: establish the prevalence and types of white-collar crimes; determine the social class of individuals engaging in these crimes; investigate contributing factors and their impact; and propose evidence-based prevention strategies. The study was guided by the differential association theory, which posits that criminal behaviour, including white-collar crime, is learned through social interactions and exposure to pro-criminal definitions. Additionally, social learning theory was reviewed, highlighting how criminal behaviour is reinforced through associations and justified by beliefs favourable to crime, often influenced by economic pressures. The research employed an exploratory survey design. The study sample consisted of residents, business people, and police officers. A sample of 50 participants was selected for questionnaires, and 15 for in-depth interviews. Questionnaires and interviews were used to elicit both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data was analysed with SPSS, and qualitative data was thematized and analysed for recurring patterns. Research findings indicated a significant awareness of embezzlement, bribery, and cybercrime, alongside evidence of systemic corruption and fraudulent activities linked to socio-economic challenges. Individuals in high-income occupations were perceived as more capable of committing undetected white-collar crimes, with economic pressures frequently cited as a justification. These crimes had significant negative impacts on the local economy, institutional trust, and quality of life. Contributing factors included a lack of ethics and accountability, poor remuneration, and the perception of these crimes as victimless. The study concluded by emphasizing the need for strengthening law enforcement, increasing public awareness, promoting whistleblowing, and fostering community engagement. Recommendations included implementing a unified approach for transparency and accountability in public institutions, comprehensive training for officials, targeted economic empowerment programs, and integrating ethics into education.
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Date
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June 2025
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Publisher
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BUSE
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Keywords
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Social Class
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White-Collar Crimes
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Supervisor
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S. M. Gwanzura
Rusenza, Edwin T..pdf