Smart adaptor design

Author

Mafire, Theophilus.

Title

Smart adaptor design

Abstract

This project presents the development of a smart adapter system designed to enhance household energy management through real-time monitoring and remote control of electrical appliances. The system integrates an ESP32 microcontroller as the core processing unit, interfacing with calibrated voltage and current sensors for accurate electrical parameter acquisition, and relay modules for precise power actuation. The backend is managed by a Flask-based web application, structured on a Model-View-Controller (MVC) architecture, which provides robust data handling and command logic. Communication between the ESP32 device and the web server is facilitated through RESTful API endpoints, enabling the ESP32 to reliably upload sensor data via HTTP POST requests and retrieve control commands via HTTP GET requests. Empirical results demonstrate the system's effectiveness:
• Remote Control: Successful and reliable ON/OFF actuation of two independent sockets was achieved, with an observed response time consistently within 2-3 seconds, primarily influenced by the ESP32's 2-second polling interval.
• Energy Monitoring: Calibrated voltage measurements maintained an accuracy of ±2%, while current measurements achieved ±5% accuracy for typical household loads, leading to precise instantaneous power and accumulated energy (kWh) calculations. The system accurately increments kWh only when the respective socket is actively consuming power.
• Communication Reliability: The ESP32 maintained stable Wi-Fi connectivity, ensuring consistent data upload to and command download from the PythonAnywhere-hosted server. The system operated stably over prolonged testing periods with efficient resource utilization.

This smart adapter system provides users with actionable, granular insights into their energy consumption and offers convenient remote management of appliances, thereby contributing significantly to energy conservation efforts and promoting more efficient household energy practices.

Date

June 2025

Publisher

BUSE

Keywords

Smart adapter system

Energy management

Real-time monitoring

ESP32 microcontroller

Supervisor

Engineer Takawira, M.