Design and development of a (smart) dual axis solar tracking system

Author

Zishiri, Michael

Title

Design and development of a (smart) dual axis solar tracking system

Abstract

The increasing demand for renewable energy solutions has driven the development of advanced solar tracking systems to maximize energy efficiency. This project focuses on the design and implementation of a smart dual-axis solar tracking system that enhances energy capture while incorporating robust safety mechanisms to protect against environmental hazards such as strong winds and hailstorms. The system utilizes an ESP32 microcontroller as the central control unit, integrating Light Dependent Resistors (LDRs) for real-time vertical (tilt) tracking and time-based algorithms for horizontal (azimuth) alignment. The system was prototyped using a vero board for circuit assembly, servo motors for precise movement, and a modular mechanical framework for stability. Testing demonstrated tracking accuracy within 7° of the sun's position, rapid servo response times (<200 ms), and reliable activation of safety modes. The integration of IoT capabilities further enhances usability, allowing for remote intervention and performance analysis. This project addresses critical challenges in solar energy harvesting by improving efficiency through dual-axis tracking while ensuring durability via intelligent safety features. The results validate the system's potential as a cost-effective, scalable, and resilient solution for residential and industrial solar applications, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies.

Date

June 2025

Publisher

BUSE

Keywords

Renewable Energy

Safety Mechanisms

Dual-axis Solar Tracking

LDR Sensors

ESP32 Microcontroller

IOT Integration

Supervisor

Engineer M. Takawira