The Infusion of entrepreneurial skills into science learning activities in Hhohho region’s high schools

Author

Pazvakavambwa, Tabetha N.

Title

The Infusion of entrepreneurial skills into science learning activities in Hhohho region’s high schools

Abstract

This study explored the infusion of entrepreneurial skills into high school science learning within Eswatini’s Hhohho Region. The study was grounded in a pragmatist paradigm and mixed-methods approach. It utilized semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, and literature method for data collection. Stratified random sampling procedure was used to select 30 respondents (science teachers) who participated in data collection. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages), whereas qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. In this study ethical issues were at the centre of data collection, analysis and interpretation. The results revealed a strong awareness among the selected respondents of the value of entrepreneurial skill development; however, systemic challenges like curriculum overload, insufficient resources, and lack of specialized training hinder effective infusion. However, teachers reported leveraging innovative pedagogical methods, including inquiry-based and project-based learning, to facilitate entrepreneurship-oriented instruction in science learning activities. It further advocated for strategic policy reform and sustained professional development initiatives to empower science teachers. In conclusion entrepreneurial skills are to a larger extent infused into science learning in Eswatini’s Hhohho Region, with teachers employing innovative instructional methods, despite systemic challenges that limit full infusion. Hence, the need to emphasize strengthening science teacher capacity and nurturing collaborative, interdisciplinary learning environments. This study contributes to ongoing discourse on Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics reforms and positions entrepreneurial skills as a fundamental dimension of science learning in Eswatini high schools.

Date

July 2025

Publisher

BUSE

Keywords

Entrepreneurial skills

Science

Learning activities

High schools

Supervisor

Dr. P. Chikuvadze