Effects of different crop residue type on soil characteristics in semi-arid region case of Marange

Author

Mutande, Nyasha

Title

Effects of different crop residue type on soil characteristics in semi-arid region case of Marange

Abstract

The study focused on examining how different crop residues (cereal and legume) influence soil characteristics. Its specific objectives were to evaluate their impact on soil physical properties (e.g., bulk density, porosity, infiltration), determine their influence on soil moisture retention, assess their effects on plant growth, and examine their overall impact on crop yield, all within the context of sustainable agriculture in semi-arid regions. This investigation was conducted in Marange, a semi-arid area characterized by sandy soils, the experimentation utilized a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). Four treatments were replicated four times: maize residue, soybean residue, wheat residue, and a control (no residue). Maize variety (ZAP 43) was selected as the test crop. The results demonstrated significant differences among the treatments (P<0.05), with soybean residue consistently showing superior outcomes. It led to the highest plant heights, lowest bulk density, highest infiltration rates, optimal soil moisture retention, and significantly higher crop yields (8.125 t/ha). In contrast, maize and wheat residues offered intermediate improvements, while the control treatment consistently resulted in the least favorable soil conditions and lowest yields (2.375 t/ha). These findings highlight that the effectiveness of crop residues is influenced by their type, particularly the more rapid decomposition and nutrient release associated with legume residues. Based on the empirical evidence and scientific interpretations derived from this study, the farmers, agricultural extension services, and policymakers in semi-arid regions like Marange should prioritize the retention and incorporation of legume residues (e.g. soybean residue) in their cropping systems. These residues are highly effective in improving soil physical properties (infiltration, bulk density, and porosity), soil moisture retention, and enhancing high plant height, leading to significant increases in crop yield.

Date

June 2025

Publisher

BUSE

Keywords

Soil characteristics

Cereal and legume

Effects

Supervisor

Mr. Mutsengi