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Author
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Karimunhenga, T.
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Title
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Optimisation of brewing processes to reduce wastewater generation and improve wastewater PH and PV: a case study of Delta Beverages (lagers), Manchester brewery, Harare, Zimbabwe
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Abstract
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A cross-sectional study was conducted at Delta Beverages Lagers to optimise brewing processes by determining strategies for controlling wastewater generation, pH and PV. The study area was Delta Lagers located in Southerton, Manchester Brewery, Harare. Data was collected through interviews, observations, document reviews, questionnaires and lab analysis. A sample size of 30 was selected from a target population of SHE practitioners, Utilities workers, Brewing Management and process operators. Interviews were conducted through convenient sampling to identify factors contributing to wastewater generation, pH and PV, and strategies to manage them. Observations were performed to identify factors that affect wastewater generation, pH and PV. A questionnaire was generated through responses from interviews and information from the literature reviewed. Documents were reviewed to identify critical areas to focus on based on levels of wastewater quantity, pH and PV. Results indicated high wastewater generation in most areas, including filtration, fermentation and packaging. The wastewater results for the processes exceeded the average, with an average of 1270% against what most breweries typically discharge per barrel of beer produced. Samples of wastewater from fermentation, filtration, packaging, composite brewing, and raw wastewater were taken to test for temperature, pH and PV. The lab results were analysed using descriptive statistics, means, and standard error of mean and results showed pH and PV exceeding established guidelines. The study also analysed the relationship between wastewater quantity and quality (pH, PV and temperature) and found no significant association between the parameters, suggesting that other factors significantly affect wastewater quality. To identify strategies for controlling wastewater generation, pH and PV, responses from questionnaires were analysed through descriptive statistics. From the results, to control wastewater generation, pH and PV, participants believed that the brewing processes can be optimised through a closed circuit system, reduction of cleaning frequency, replacement of packaging machinery with new machines, replacing caustic soda with surfactant based cleaners such as CIP surf, brewing machine maintenance twice a week, replacing Plate and Frame with modernised BMF and weekly review of the trub program. However, further research is required to identify all factors affecting wastewater generation, pH, and PV.
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Date
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October 2025
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Publisher
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BUSE
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Keywords
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brewing
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wastewater
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Supervisor
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Mr. Nhokovedzo
Karimunhenga - SHEM.pdf